Herd Summary

As the name suggests, the Herd Summary report summarizes the herd's general status. It includes Rolling Herd Average, Somatic Cell Summaries, Reproductive Statistics and many more pieces of information.

HERD SUMMARY

001 - 013 GENERAL INFORMATION [Back to Sample]

001 HERD NUMBER

The herd identification is a unique eight-digit number, with the first two digits identifying the state, the next two digits identifying the county, and the last four digits identifying each herd within the county. These are normally assigned by the State Association or Extension Dairyman.

002 PERMANENT STRING

The number of the permanent string for which this report is run. "All" indicates the report is for the total herd.

003 HERD BREED

The herd breed is indicated by the appropriate breed code. Over 75% of the herd has to be the same breed or the breed will be printed as "X".

"R" or "G" indicates whether the herd is considered "Registered" or "Grade". If 75% of the cows are registered an "R" will be printed.

004 OWNER OR DAIRY FARM NAME

The owner's name or the designated farm name.

005 TESTER/SUPERVISOR NUMBER

The number of the tester assigned to the herd.

006 ASSOCIATION NUMBER

The number of the association to which the dairy belongs.

007 TYPE OF TEST

The name of the selected DHI testing program in which the herd, is enrolled.

008 PREVIOUS DATE TESTED

The test date for the herd, prior to the current test.

009 CURRENT DATE TESTED

The date of the current test. The milk weights and samples collected on this date were summarized on the herd summary. The date of test is the day when the last milk sample and weights were taken.

010 DATE RECEIVED

The last date when the barn sheets or data for the current test were received at DHI-Provo.

011 DATE MAILED

The date when the Dairy's completed reports were mailed or transmitted from DHI-Provo.

012 INTERVAL

The number of days from the previous date of test to the current date of test.

013 HERD NUMBER

See column 001

100 LACTATION NUMBER

L A C T

1 2 3 T

The Monthly Herd Summary data are grouped by lactation number. Cows producing in their first lactation are summarized on line 1, second lactation cows on line 2, and cows with three or more lactations on line 3+. All cows are included in the total (T) line. It is critical for all cows to be identified with their correct lactation number. Cows with no lactation number will be summarized in the 3+ lactation line.

101-109 AVERAGE FOR ALL COWS [Back to Sample]

The information provided in this section is the average for all cows, both milking and dry, in the herd.

101 COWS IN HERD

The number of cows in the herd on test day, both milking and dry.

102 TOTAL COW MONTHS

The total cow months are printed. A cow in the herd for 30 days is considered as one cow month. Cow months are calculated by dividing the total cow days in the herd for the test period by 30. In many cases, the total cow months for the current test period are greater or less than the actual number of cows in the herd. The main reasons for this to occur are:

1. The number of days in the current test period is more or less than 30
2. Back production credits are given to new cows entering the herd from the date entered on freshening.
3. Culled cows receive credit for days in the herd only until the date they leave the herd.

103 PERCENT DAYS IN MILK

Percent days in milk is the ratio of the cow days in milk to the cow days in herd times 100 for the current test period. These cow days for the total line can be found in columns 525 & 526 of the herd summary under "Herd Totals"

104 - 109 PRODUCTION INFORMATION 105, 106, 107, 108

The average production is calculated for milk as well as the pounds and percentages of indicated components as applicable. The average daily production per cow in the herd is calculated from the data reported in the "Herd Totals" 525-529.

110 -121 AVERAGE FOR MILKING COWS [Back to Sample] 111, 112, 113, 114, 115

110	111	112	113	114	115	116	117	118	119	120	121
Cows in Milk	Average For All Cows					LTD Days in Milk
	Cow Mth	Milk	Fat	S/P	3.5 FCM	AVG DIM	< 90	90- 180	181- 305	> 305	D R Y
196 135 188 519	191 131 182 504	75.3 83.3 83.2 80.2	2.83 3.18 3.30 3.09	2.33 2.59 2.53 2.47	78.4 87.5 89.4 84.8	200 199 193 197	20 21 24 22	18 22 14 18	32 30 25 29	17 15 16 16	13 12 20 15

The information provided in this section is for cows in milk. The computations are made in the same manner as reported for columns 101-109.

116 - 121 LACTATION TO DATE (LTD) DAYS IN MILK

116 AVERAGE DAYS IN MILK

The average days in milk is the average stage of lactation for the milking cows. If a dairyman wishes to have a 12 month calving interval in the future, with a 60 day dry period, then this figure should be 365-60/2 = 152.5. This assumes uniform calving throughout the year.

117 - 120 PERCENT OF COWS MILKING 118, 119

The percent of cows milking in the herd for four indicated stages of lactation.

121 PERCENT OF COWS DRY

The percent of cows that are now dry for each lactation.

122 - 125 PREVIOUS DAYS DRY [Back to Sample]

122 AVERAGE PREVIOUS DAYS DRY

The average number of days dry is reported for each lactation group other than the first. There are no days dry data for cows in their first lactation, nor for cows without the most recent calving date. If a cow is missing the most recent dry date, 60 days dry is used. If any first lactation data appear, some animals have been identified as in their first lactation in error. These records should be found and corrected.

About 56 days appears to be the optimum average days dry for maximum production.

123 - 125 NUMBER OF COWS GROUPED BY PREVIOUS DAYS DRY 124

On the Herd Barn Sheet, the producer indicates his desired dry period. This goal is printed in the center column. Cows deviating more than 20% from this goal are counted in the first column if too short, and in the third column if too long. Cows within + or - 20% of the goal are counted in the center column. The percentage of cows in each group is shown below the total line. Management should strive to group cows as closely as possible to the desired goal.

126 - 133 NUMBER OF COWS IN HERD WITHOUT PERTINENT INFORMATION [Back to Sample] 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132

The quality and usefulness of dairy records is indicated here by the number of animals without important information. The number of cows enrolled without birth dates and lactation numbers are shown, together with the number of cows, sires, and dams without registration or uniform series ear tag numbers and breed.

Cow records tabulated with missing status dates (131) should be found and corrected as soon as possible. These records have "00" for day of the month in an estimated calving date, and usually result from milk weights having been recorded for a previously dry cow without an associated calving date.

Cow records are tabulated as missing life time production (132) if all or any part of a cows life time record is missing on her individual cow page. Generally there is little that can be done unless a record exists in this or another herd and the missing production is reported to the computing center. The condition will correct itself over time as older cows are removed from the herd. Cows with missing lifetime production have the word "Incomplete" listed on the bottom of their individual cow page.

The last column in this section (133) shows the percent of records that are eligible for use by USDA-AIPL for genetic evaluation of cows and bulls. Each month all 305 day and complete lactation records are sent to USDA at Beltsville, MD. Records in progress are sent to USDA following the last test day in October and April. In January and July genetic parameters for cow and bulls are returned to herd owners through Dairy Record Processing Centers. Cows identified with 87UNK0000 (87 or appropriate state code) for the sire ID will not be used in the sire summary even though they are considered "verified unknown" and identified by sire.

Usable records must meet the following conditions:

1. The herd must be enrolled in DHIA with a type of test code less than "40", or, if Owner Sampler, must have at least 40% of cows with permanent identification and other conditions must also be met (refer to USDA AIPL and NDHIA procedures).

2. The cow and sire must be identified by breed with a registration number assigned by a breed association or a unique uniform series ear tag number assigned by DHIA.

3. The dam on a registered cow must be identified by breed with a registration number. The evaluation of grade cows will be improved if the dam is identified by breed with her uniform series ear tag number.

4. The cow must have a birth date (an estimate is OK for grade cows MM-00-YY).

5. The cow must have a valid calving date consistent with previous calving dates.

6. Data on registered cows must compare exactly with their registration certificates. Data on grade cows must compare exactly with records previously submitted unless corrections are made in the proper manner.

The percent of cows with missing identification in each column is printed below the total line. For the most useful records all columns but the last one should be blank. The goal for the last column should be 100%.

201 - 215 SOMATIC CELL SUMMARY [Back to Sample]

There are few things measured in DHIA that are more closely related to production than the level of mastitis as measured by somatic cell count. The herd summary has been expanded to assist management in maintaining control of this disorder which lowers both the quality and quantity of milk production.

201 - 203 NUMBER OF COWS GROUPED BY LOW, MEDIUM, AND HIGH 202

204 - 206 PERCENT OF COWS GROUPED BY LOW, MEDIUM, AND HIGH 205

The percent of cows in the low category is closely associated with the level of production. High producing herds often have over 90% of their cows in the low category.

207 AVERAGE SOMATIC LOG 2 SCORE

The average L 2 score for all cows tested is recorded in this column.

208 AVERAGE (WEIGHTED) SOMATIC CELL COUNT

A "milk weighted" average of the actual somatic cell counts recorded.

209 AVERAGE DOLLAR LOSS PER COW MONTH

Research has shown that beginning with an L2 score of 3 or lower each unit increase in the score results in about 400 pounds of milk lost per lactation or about 1.4 pounds per cow per day. First lactation animals are estimated at one half the loss for a 2nd or above lactation cow. These facts are used to estimate the average dollar loss per cow per month for the herd as shown in this column. The producer's reported milk price is used. If no milk price is reported, the column will be blank.

210 - 211 PERCENT CHANGE IN SOMATIC CELL SCORE UP OR DOWN

Column 210 contains the percent of cows below an L2 threshold of 5 (284,000 cells/ml) that increased to a 5 or above this test day. These cows are usually associated with an abnormal drop in production. The percentages are shown in the % up column.

Likewise this same threshold value is used to calculate the percent of the cows that were above or equal to the threshold last test day and went below it this test day. The percentages are shown in the % down column.

212 - 215 AVERAGE SOMATIC CELL SCORE BY STAGE OF LACTATION 213, 214

The average L2 score by four stages of lactation or days in milk.

216 - 223 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF PEAK PRODUCTION BY POUNDS [Back to Sample] 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222

The percent of the animals shown that peaked at various 15 pound milk levels. A cow must have milked at least 90 days to be considered. High levels of production after 150 days are not included in the analysis. The amount or the DIM at the peak is assumed to be the values on the high test day.

224 POUNDS PEAKED IN THE FIRST 90 DAYS [Back to Sample]

The average high test day pounds of milk that cows achieved in the first 90 days are printed here.

225 AVERAGE 30 DAYS CHANGE IN FAT CORRECTED MILK AFTER 90 DAYS IN MILK [Back to Sample]

In this column a cow is assumed to have peaked in the first 90 days. This figure shows the average drop per cow in pounds of 3.5 FCM per 30 day interval after 90 days in milk. A cow must have at least two tests after 90 DIM to be included in the calculation.

226 - 229 PEAK PRODUCTION BY DAYS IN MILK [Back to Sample]

This section shows the days in milk when cows reach the highest test day production. High test days after 150 DIM are not considered.

226 AVERAGE DAY PEAKED

The average days in milk at peak production.

227 - 229 BY DAYS IN MILK 228

The center box shows the number and percent of cows that peaked within 20% of the average days in milk at peak. The outside two boxes show the number of cows that peaked within + or - 20% of the average for the herd. The percent of cows in these groups is shown below the total line.

230 - 237 GENETIC EVALUATION OF THE HERD BASED UPON USDA-AIPL SIRE & COW SUMMARY DATA (also 326 - 333 and 423 - 430) [Back to Sample]

These sections show the quality of the breeding program for animals in the herd on the last date of test.

230 - 237 COW GENETIC INDEX SUMMARY (PTA) 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236

The number of animals in the herd for which cow indexes are available is shown along with the average PTA (Predicted Transmitting Ability) for Milk, percent fat, fat, dollar value, percentile, protein, and percent protein.

301 - 303 EXTRAPOLATED 305 DAY AVERAGES [Back to Sample] 302

301 -303 ACTUAL PRODUCTION

The average 305 day predicated production for pounds of milk, fat, and protein/SNF are shown in this section.

Every cow in the herd whether milking or dry are included in the averages. Each animal's lactation to date production is extended to 305 days. Short completed records are also extended to 305 days.

304 - 306 MATURE EQUIVALENT (ME) PRODUCTION [Back to Sample] 305

The actual 305 day production estimates are adjusted for four factors:

1. Age of the animal
2. Region of the country
3. Season or month of calving
4. Breed of animal

307 - 310 CHANGE IN RELATIVE VALUE [Back to Sample] 308, 309

On each test day, a base mature equivalent figure is calculated for milk, fat, protein/SNF as well as for FCM or whatever option the dairyman selects for the relative value comparison. This calculation is done by averaging last months mature equivalent production for each cow listed on the barn sheet. Cows culled last month are excluded from the base.

Each cow's deviation from the base for milk, fat, and protein/SNF is calculated, then averaged. The individual animal deviations are shown on the right hand side of the Individual Cow Page.

A cow's percent relative value figure is the ratio of her mature equivalent to the base mature equivalent figure described above. The dairyman can have relative value calculated on milk only, fat only, fat corrected milk, or dollar value of product. Once the cow's percent relative value is calculated, it is averaged across the herd and shown in the last column of the section. Since the base is calculated on last months data, the average can vary from 100. If the average is greater than 100, then there was an increase this month. A figure less than 100 indicates a decrease.

311 - 317 INTERVAL BETWEEN BREEDINGS [Back to Sample]

In this section the breeding interval is the unit of observation. If a cow conceives to the first breeding there is no interval.

These data are only meaningful if all breedings are reported. It is also recommended that all heats observed be reported even though the cow is not bred. Specify the service sire as "HEAT". ["DNB", "CULL", and "FLUSH" cows are excluded from this section (see 520).]

311 - 315 PERCENT OF INTERVALS OBSERVED IN EACH OF FIVE CATEGORIES 312, 313, 314

Intervals are classified into the following five categories:

< 18 days, 18-24 days, 25-35 days, 36-48 days, > 48 days,

10% 65% 10% 10% 5%

Good and achievable reproductive performance has been suggested as indicated above. The data printed here is only as good as the information reported. If a dairy producer "short cycles" his cows, you should use this data with that in mind.

316 - 317 AVERAGE INTERVAL AND TOTAL INTERVALS OBSERVED

These figures are recorded for easy reference

318 - 319 ESTIMATED DETECTED HEATS AND PERCENT OF HEATS RESULTING IN A CALF [Back to Sample] ["DNB", "CULL", and "FLUSH" cows are excluded from this section (see 520).]

318 PERCENT DETECTED HEATS

Good heat detection is critical to good overall reproductive performance. The first column shows the percent of heats detected. The assumption is made that every breeding is in fact a heat. The percent is calculated as follows:

Percent Heats Detected = (Days Used/ Days Available) X 100

Where:

Days Used = Services per conception X 21

Days Available = Days Open for the pregnant cows only - Voluntary Waiting Days + 10.5

319 PERCENT OF HEATS RESULTING IN A CALF

The second column shows the percent of heats resulting in a calf. The percent is calculated as follows:

Percent Heats Resulting in a Calf = 21 X 100/Days Available

Where:

Days Available = Days Open for the pregnant cows only - Voluntary Waiting Days + 10.5

320 - 321 AVERAGE CALVING INTERVAL [Back to Sample] ["DNB", "CULL", and "FLUSH" cows are excluded from this section (see 520).]

320 LAST CALVING INTERVAL

The average calving interval is reported for each lactation group (except first lactation animals since there is no previous calf). The average calving interval is calculated from the number of days between the last two calving dates for each animal in the herd divided by 30.4. A herd average calving interval is also calculated.

321 NEXT CALVING INTERVAL

The average next calving interval is calculated by adding the days open to the dairyman's option for days in gestation and dividing the result by 30.4.

322 - 325 DAYS IN MILK AT FIRST BREEDING [Back to Sample] ["DNB", "CULL", and "FLUSH" cows are excluded from this section (see 520).]

322 AVERAGE DAYS IN MILK AT FIRST BREEDING

The average days in milk at first breeding is recorded for each lactation group.

323 - 325 NUMBER OF COWS GROUPED BY DAYS IN MILK AT FIRST BREEDING 324

On the herd barn sheet the producer indicates his desired days in milk for first breeding (voluntary waiting period). This goal is printed in the first column heading. The second column is headed with 11 days later, and the third with 21 days later.

Cows bred on or before the goal are counted in the first column. Those bred after the goal and before 21 days later are counted in the center column, and those bred more than 21 days later are counted in the last column. Percentages in each group are printed below the total line.

326 - 333 SIRE PD SUMMARY 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332

The number of cows with sire PTA's are shown followed by the average of the various PTA's for the sires of the cows in the herd. Average PTA for milk, percent fat, pounds of fat, dollar value, percentile, pounds protein, and percent protein are shown as available.

401 - 405 TEST DAY TOTALS [Back to Sample] 402, 403, 404

Total production on test day for milk, fat, and protein/SNF together with number of cows dry and in milk.

406 - 408 PRODUCTION PER DAY OF LIFE SINCE 2 YEARS OF AGE [Back to Sample] 407

Average production (milk, fat, & protein/SNF) per day of life since 2 years of age is recorded. These can be

compared to the same figures on the bottom of the individual cow page (after April '88). Late Calving of heifers and long calving intervals result in low values.

409 PERCENT PREGNANT COWS "XX" DAYS IN MILK (DIM) [Back to Sample]

At some point in time, all cows in the herd should be pregnant. The assumption is made that this should be 30 days after the voluntary waiting period (days in milk at first breeding goal). The percent of cows pregnant is calculated by:

Number of Pregnant Cows over "XX" DIM X 100/Total # of Cows over "XX" DIM

?410 REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE INDEX "FS" [Back to Sample]

An overall index is calculated. It takes into consideration first service conception, services per conception, days open, and the culling rate (beef).

FS = (% 1st serv conc./serv. per conc.) - (days open - 125) - (annual cull % - 25)

Experience will be required to evaluate the usefulness of this test to determine low, reasonable, and high values.

411 - 418 COWS OVER 75 DAYS SINCE LAST BRED OR PREGNANT [Back to Sample]

All breedings must be reported for this data to be useful.

411 - 415 NUMBER OF TIMES BRED 412, 413, 414

Cows believed to be pregnant on the last date of test are distributed into four groups by the number of times they were bred (1, 2, 3, or 4+). Data are recorded for each age group and the total in each column. The percent conception is recorded below the total line.

The total number of breedings is recorded in the fifth column.

416 SERVICES PER CONCEPTION

Services per conception are tabulated for each age group and the total herd as of the last date of test.

417 NUMBER OF PREGNANT COWS

The number of cows believed to be pregnant on the last date of test are recorded for easy reference. The percent of cows pregnant are printed below the total line.

418 PERCENT FIRST SERVICE CONCEPTION

The percent of the pregnant cows that conceived to the first service.

419 - 422 DAYS OPEN [Back to Sample]

Days open is defined as the number of days from calving through the last breeding or date of conception. Days in milk are included for cows not bred when days in milk exceeds 30 days beyond the voluntary waiting period. Cows are excluded from this section if they have been designated "DNB" (do not breed), "CULL, or "FLUSH" in the miscellaneous column on the cow barn sheet and if they have not been bred or have been diagnosed "OPEN".

419 AVERAGE (DAYS)

The average days open for each age group and the total herd is recorded for easy reference.

420 - 422 NUMBER OF COWS GROUPED BY DAYS OPEN 421

On the Herd Barn Sheet the producer indicates his desired days open. This goal is printed in the center column heading. The first column is headed with 21 days shorter and the third column with 21 days longer.

Cows open 21 days shorter than the goal are counted in the first column, those open 21 days longer than the goal in the last column, and other open cows are counted in the center column.

Percentages in each column are shown below the total line.

423 - 430 SERVICE SIRE PD SUMMARY [Back to Sample] 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429

The number of cows last bred to NAAB service sires. This is then followed by the average PTA of the service sires. Average PTA for milk, percent fat, pounds of fat, dollar value, percentile, pounds protein, and percent protein are shown as available.

501 - 510 COWS EXPECTED TO CALVE [Back to Sample] 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509

The total number of cows, with breeding dates reported, is listed by lactation group for the month in which they are expected to calve.

NOTE: This information is accurate only if all breeding dates are reported on the Cow Barn Sheet.

If a herd is enrolled in the Calf Management Program the number of heifers calving will also be shown. Based upon the dairyman's goal for Days Dry, the number to go dry each month is calculated. The +/- COWS IN MILK line shows the net increase or decrease in cows in milk for each of the next seven months. This is the months difference between the cows expected to calve and the cows expected to go dry. It could be considered the dairyman's freedom to cull.

511 - 512 GRAIN TO FEED PER DAY [Back to Sample]

The amount of grain to feed per cow and the total for each lactation group is reported. These estimates are based on energy requirements for maintenance, growth, gestation, and production. The grain recommendations are determined by the formula selected by the producer on the Herd Barn Sheet.

This is only of value to those herds which have fine tuned this part of the program to their record keeping.

513 - 520 COWS IN MILK OPTION PLUS 30 DAYS, ASSUMED NOT PREGNANT [Back to Sample]

Cows included in this section are cows bred and declared "OPEN" or those bred too recently to be diagnosed "pregnant".

A cow in milk 30 days (one and one-half heat periods) beyond the producers goal for days in milk at first service and not pregnant is considered on her way to be a problem cow.

513 - 517 NUMBER OF TIMES BRED 514, 515, 516

Cows are distributed into four groups by the number of times they were bred (1,2,3,or 4+). Data are recorded for each age group and the total in each column. The percent of cows in each category is recorded below the total line.

518 SERVICES PER COW

Services per cow are tabulated for each age group and the total herd as of the last date of test.

519 NUMBER OF "DNB" COWS EXCLUDED

The figures in this column shows the number of "OPEN" cows in the herd on the last date of test that have been coded "DNB" (do not breed) and "CULL" in the miscellaneous column of the Cow Barn Sheet. The reproductive information has been excluded from the reproductive sections of the Herd

Summary. Embryo (ET) donor cow statistics are also excluded if they have "FLU" or "FLUSH" in the miscellaneous column of the Cow Barn Sheet.

520 COWS NOT BRED ONE HEAT PERIOD BEYOND THE OWNER'S GOAL

Cows not bred within one heat period (21 days) after the selected goal for Days In Milk At First Breeding are recorded for each age group and for the total herd. The percent of cows in this condition is recorded below the total line.

513 - 520 COWS IN MILK OPTION + 30 DAYS, ASSUMED NOT PREGNANT (SEE SECTION 411)

521 - 524 ANNUAL FIRST SERVICE CONCEPTION AND PERCENT OF COWS PREGNANT [Back to Sample]

A thirteen month history and a twelve month rolling herd average is accumulated in these two columns for easy reference.

521 FIRST SERVICE CONCEPTION

The first service conception rate is computed each test day for all cows where the first service result is believed to be known. Since data on cows leaving the herd remain in the file, an accurate trend on this important parameter is provided. The first service conception rate for the year is shown on the total line.

522 PREGNANT "XX" DAYS IN MILK (DIM)

The producer reports his desired days in milk at first breeding on the Herd Barn Sheet. With ideal conditions cows should be pregnant thirty days after this voluntary waiting period. This target "XX" days in milk is printed in the column heading and each test date the percent of cows actually

pregnant by that day of lactation is shown. The percent of cows pregnant is shown in the total line for the past year.

523 - 524 FEED COST (not used)

525 - 529 HERD TOTALS [Back to Sample] 526, 527, 528

Herd totals for cow days in the herd, cow days in milk, cwt. milk, pounds of fat, and pounds of protein/SNF are

recorded for months 0 through 12. This makes it possible to compare data for the current month with the same month a year ago and have a rolling herd total production for the most recent 365 days.

601 - 612 COWS CALVING DURING PREVIOUS YEAR [Back to Sample] 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610,611

The number of cows calving during the pervious 12 months are listed by lactation group for each month. Totals are also printed.

These figures will become historical (not just on cows still in the herd).

613 - 615 ABORTIONS [Back to Sample] 614

An abortion is defined as a calving which occurs thirty or more days prior to the normal gestation length. The lactation continues if the abortion occurs less than 152 days carried calf. The lactation terminates and a new abnormal lactation begins if the abortion occurs on or after 152 days carried calf. If there is no breeding date available the threshold value is 200 days in milk.

The number of current abortions (status code 5) reported on the last barn sheet, regardless of the stage in lactation, is recorded in column 1. Lactations in progress that continued without starting over are tabulated in column 2 and those that terminated and started a new lactation are tabulated in column 3. Only cows still in the herd are counted.

616 - 620 NUMBER OF COWS SOLD FOR BEEF [Back to Sample] 617, 618, 619

The total number of cows sold for beef since the last test date is listed in each category (major reason for culling) by lactation groups. The four major reasons for culling are: (3) low production, (4) reproductive problems, (5) disease or injury, (7) mastitis or udder problems . The reasons for culling are accurate only if the producer provides the information to the Supervisor. The total culled for beef is shown in the last column.

621 AVERAGE AGE AT LAST CALVING [Back to Sample]

The average age at last calving, in months, is calculated for each lactation group, with an average for the herd.

622 VALUE OF PRODUCT OR INCOME OVER FEED COST [Back to Sample]

Either the value of product or income over feed cost will be printed for each age group, depending upon the producer's dollar option recorded on the Herd Barn Sheet.

701 - 706 TYPE OF TEST, DATE OF TEST, AM PM, DAYS ON TEST, NUMBER OF RECORDS, % DAYS 3X [Back to Sample] 702, 703, 704, 705

Data for these items are recorded for tests 0 through 12. The total line, where appropriate, shows a rolling herd average or total for the most recent 365 days.

The number of records each date of test is equal to the number of cows in the herd plus the number sold for dairy, beef or died for the current period.

707 - 714 HERD AVERAGE [Back to Sample]

The test day average is expressed on a daily basis with the total for the year on the total line. All test days during the previous 365 days are included. The total line provides an annual rolling herd average for the previous 365 days.

707 COW MONTHS

Cow months is calculated by dividing cow days in the herd for each testing period by 30. The total line shows cow years which is the total cow days in the herd for the year divided by 365.

708 PERCENT DAYS IN MILK

Percent days in milk is the total cow days in milk divided by the total cow days in the herd for the testing period or for 365 days.

709 DAYS IN MILK

The average days in milk (stage of lactation) is shown for each test period and for the year on the total line. This is closely related to the current production and to the next calving interval if the herd has a uniform calving rate throughout the year.

710 - 714 AVERAGE PRODUCTION AND PERCENT COMPONENTS [Back to Sample] 711, 712, 713

The average pounds of milk, percent fat, pounds of fat, percent protein/SNF, and pounds protein/SNF is expressed as a daily average for each test period. The total line reflects the annual rolling average for each item.

715 - 719 SOMATIC CELL SUMMARY [Back to Sample]

Somatic cell or CMT data are summarized for each test day with an annual rolling herd average on the total line. These statistics are closely related to the level of production.

715 PERCENT OF COWS TESTING LOW

The percent of cows with somatic cell counts in the low category (SCS L2 0-4, CMT N) is computed. (See table in section 201)

716 PERCENT OF COWS TESTING MEDIUM

The percent of cows with somatic cell counts in the medium category (SCS L2 5-6, CMT T or 1) is computed. (see table in section 201)

717 AVERAGE LOG 2 SCORE

Each raw cell count is converted to the L2 score and the average computed for all cows tested.

718 ESTIMATED AVERAGE SOMATIC CELL COUNT

An annualized "milk" weighted average.

719 DOLLAR LOSS PER COW

Research has shown that beginning with an L2 score of 3 each unit increase in the score results in about 400 pounds of milk lost per lactation or about 1.4 pounds per cow per day. One half the loss is used for first lactation animals included in these calculations. These facts are used to estimate the average dollar loss per cow per month for the herd as shown over the past year in this column. The producer's reported milk price each month is used. If no milk price is reported the column is left blank.

720 - 722 REPRODUCTION [Back to Sample]

720 BREEDINGS

The number of breedings reported for each test period over the last year with total for the last 365 days is recorded on a historical basis.

721 SERVICES PER CONCEPTION

Services per conception is recorded for all cows believed to be pregnant during each test period for the last 365 days. There is great stability from one test day to the next because many of the pregnant cows are the same. The total pregnant cow population in the herd is re-evaluated each test day.

722 PERCENT DETECTED HEATS

The percent detected heats is evaluated and recorded for all cows in the herd on each date of test for the last 365 days. An average for the year is calculated.

723 - 736 TOTAL NUMBER OF COWS [Back to Sample]